Why does plain bread taste sweet after you chew it for a while?	Salivary amylase in your saliva breaks down flavorless starch into smaller sugar fragments that your taste buds detect as sweet.
What is the primary monosaccharide used by cells for energy?	Glucose serves as the primary source of energy for your cells and is utilized almost exclusively by the brain.
Why is dietary fiber indigestible by humans?	Human digestive enzymes lack the ability to snip the specific chemical bonds that hold fiber molecules together.
What happens to carbohydrate digestion inside the stomach?	The high acidity of the stomach deactivates salivary amylase, temporarily pausing the breakdown of carbohydrates.
What does the term anaerobic mean in biological processes?	It means the process functions without requiring oxygen.
Why does the cell spend two ATP molecules during the early stage of glycolysis?	It phosphorylates glucose to trap it inside the cell and make it unstable enough for energy extraction.
What role does NADH play during cellular respiration?	NADH acts as a high-energy electron carrier that transports harvested energy to the mitochondria.
What causes the muscle burn experienced during intense exercise?	Low oxygen levels force pyruvate to convert into lactate, which helps recycle critical helpers to keep energy production running.